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Caretaker role could limit Netanyahu but not rule out war with Iran

By Thomson Reuters Oct 28, 2026 | 10:18 AM

By Lili Bayer

JERUSALEM, Oct 28 (Reuters) – Benjamin Netanyahu is expected to face more constraints as Israel’s caretaker prime minister after Tuesday’s election, but experts say his government could still retain significant powers including ​when it comes to waging war on Iran.

Neither Netanyahu’s right-wing coalition ‌nor an opposition bloc led by former military chief Gadi Eisenkot is projected by Israeli media to win a majority in the country’s 120-seat legislature. Eisenkot has acknowledged the prime minister was still in office as a caretaker but issued a warning that ‌Netanyahu might ​use security for political ends.

Netanyahu’s office has previously ⁠rejected accusations he is ⁠using the Iran conflict for political gain. His office did not immediately return a request for comment on Wednesday.

“If you look at the letter of the law, a caretaker government has the same authority, has the ​same powers as a regular government,” said Guy Lurie, a research fellow at the Israel Democracy Institute, adding however that a caretaker government “has ⁠a duty of restraint” and more limited discretion ⁠to act in some areas.

A caretaker government faces limitations ​when it comes to issues such as appointments, but has leeway to act ​in matters where there is a public interest, analysts say.

“In general, ‌security issues are the clearest exception to this duty of restraint,” said Or Asher, a researcher at the Tel Aviv-based Tachlith Institute, noting that Israel’s supreme court has previously held that a caretaker government must avoid far-reaching decisions unless ⁠they are justified by a pressing necessity.

“The Supreme Court has historically avoided intervening in decisions to go to war, and parliamentary oversight is at its thinnest ⁠in the weeks after ‌the new Knesset convenes and before its committees are ⁠formed,” Asher said, adding that “a caretaker prime minister can ​legally take ‌Israel to war, including against Iran”.

After the final ​tally is in, ⁠Israel’s President Isaac Herzog is expected to consult party leaders and then tap the candidate he believes has the best chance of forming a government, with the nominee then getting up to 42 days to establish a government.

(Reporting by Lili Bayer in Jerusalem; Additional reporting by Steven Scheer and Rami Ayyub; Editing ​by Sharon Singleton)